I b n R u s h d

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]
Ibn Rushd
Courtesy of Personalities
Nobel

Abu'l Waleed
Muhammad Ibn
Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Rushd, born in 1126 in Cordoba, then part of
Muslim
Spain, was one of the greatest thinkers and scientists of the 12th
century.
Known by the Latin name Averroes in the West, Ibn Rushd influenced
scholarship
in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries, and is best
known
in the West for his commentaries on Aristotle's philosophy.

Like many famous
scholars
before him, Ibn Rushd enjoyed the favour of the royal courts, and spent
his
time among the ruling class of Marrakesh, Morocco, as well as in the
Spanish
cities of Seville and Cordoba. Although his views on
religion and philosophy
occasionally angered his patrons, Ibn Rushd
was generally able to continue his
study of such a field because of
his friendship with the Muslim rulers. He was
greatly influenced by
Greek philosophy, and he wrote several commentaries on
Aristotle's
works. He used Greek arguments for rationalism to question several
tenets
of Islamic theology, earning the criticism of many Muslim religious
scholars,
such as Al-Ghazali. Despite his vehement defence of philosophy,
however,
Ibn Rushd was a devoted Muslim who also tried to integrate Plato's
political
views with the modern Islamic state, to bring Greek thought and
Islamic
traditions into harmony.

While the Islamic
world was
split in its support for Ibn Rushd's philosophical work (and with
philosophy
in general enjoying less support since Al-Ghazali's attack on it), he
became
very popular in Europe. His commentaries on the work of Aristotle and
Plato
were translated into Latin, English, German, and Hebrew, and were
thereafter
always included in any editions of the Greek philosophers' works. The
belief
that he was more popular in the West than in the Islamic world is also
supported
by the fact that few of his writings survive in their original Arabic,
and
many of the ones that do are in Hebrew script. The rest have been
preserved
only in their Latin or other European vernacular
translations.

In addition to his
work in philosophy, Ibn
Rushd was also an accomplished physician and astronomer.
His famous
medical book, Kitab al-Kulyat fi al-Tibb (known as the
"Colliget"
in Latin) discussed various diagnoses and cures for diseases, as well
as
their prevention. He was the personal physician to several Almoravid
caliphs
in Spain and the Maghrib. In astronomy, he wrote tracts on
the movement of
spheres. Still, Ibn Rushd is best remembered for his
philosophy, particularly in
Europe, where he influenced scholarship
until the 16th century. Many of his
books were used in European
universities until the 19th century

الموضوع الأصلي : I b n R u s h d المصدر : مُنتَدَيَاتْ صُـوتــْ بَــلَــدْنََــا

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