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 al-Ghazali

استعرض الموضوع التالي استعرض الموضوع السابق اذهب الى الأسفل 
كاتب الموضوعرسالة

بيانات العضو

eNg AhMeD
eNg AhMeD
.::نائب المدير ::.
.::نائب المدير ::.

معلومات العضو

ذكر
المساهمات : 507
العمر : 31
السٌّمعَة : 32
النقاط : : 55616
تاريخ التسجيل : 01/09/2009

معلومات الاتصال

الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل

 
مُساهمةموضوع: al-Ghazali   al-Ghazali I_icon_minitimeالسبت 15 مايو 2010, 20:45


[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]




[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Al-Ghazali
Courtesy of
Personalities Nobel



Abu Hamid
al-Ghazali
was born in 1058 in the Persian province of Khurasan. He was educated

in
Islamic theology at renowned institutions in Nishapur and Baghdad, and
became

a professor in religion and philosophy at Nizamiyah
University in Baghdad - one

of the Islamic world's most prominent
institutions at that time. In 1095,

however, after a period of inner
turmoil about his faith, Al-Ghazali left the

university, gave up
his material possessions, and became a wandering ascetic. He

devoted
himself to Sufism, the mystical branch of Islam concerned with direct

knowledge
of God, and travelled to Mecca, Syria, and Jerusalem before returning

to
Nishapur to write.



Al-Ghazali's works
on the
relationship between philosophy and religion contributed to an ongoing

discussion
in the Islamic world on how to reconcile the two fields. In adopting

the
Aristotelian principals of the humanist ancient Greeks, Islamic
philosophers

since the 9th century, such as Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina,
had come into conflict

with theologians who claimed that
Aristotelian philosophy contradicted Islamic

doctrine. Al-Ghazali
staunchly defended religion against attack by philosophers,

and in
doing so helped bridge the gap between the two streams of thought.

Al-Ghazali
also sought to reign in what he believed were excessive views within

Sufism,
to bring it more in line with orthodox Islam. He continued to stress
the

importance of Sufism as the genuine path to absolute truth, but
he sought to

redefine its extreme image as disobedient to the basic
teachings of Islam.



Al-Ghazali wrote
several
famous books on these subjects, one of which inspired the philosopher

Ibn
Rushd to respond with a book of his own, after Al-Ghazali's death. In

Tuhafat
al-Falasifa
("The Incoherence of the Philosophers"), Al-Ghazali
laid

out several arguments as to why philosophy was sometimes
heretical to Islam. He

particularly objected to arguments made by
Greek-influenced philosophers

questioning the immortality of the
soul, the resurrection of the body, reward

and punishment after
death, God's knowledge of all things, and the eternity of

the world.
Al-Ghazali welcomed the fact that philosophers questioned some tenets

of
the Islamic faith, but he chastised them for not proving their
positions. At

the same time, Al-Ghazali was careful not to rebuke
everything the philosophers

had said. He did not reject discoveries
of philosopher-scientists in the natural

sciences, freely admitting
that many important scientific advancements had been

made. He also
chastised Muslims who rejected every science connected with the

philosophers,
in the name of defending religion, claiming that such an approach

only
led the philosophers to conclude that Islam was based on ignorance.
Rather,

Al-Ghazali advocated accepting valid scientific
achievements, while challenging

philosophers to prove their
objections to Islamic theology. Ibn Rushd, a devoted

Aristotelian
philosopher and rationalist, responded to Al-Ghazali's book with

one
of his own, Tuhafut al-Tuhafut ("The Incoherence of the

Incoherence"),
in which he reproduced Al-Ghazali's book and commented on its

arguments,
page by page.


Al-Ghazali is
considered one of Islam's
greatest theologians. His arguments influenced Jewish

and Christian
religious scholarship, and it has been suggested that in the 13th

century
St. Thomas Aquinas used many of Al-Ghazali's themes in arguing for the

strengthening
of Christianity in the West


 الموضوع الأصلي : al-Ghazali 
المصدر :
مُنتَدَيَاتْ صُـوتــْ بَــلَــدْنََــا

______________________________________________________

eNg AhMeD

 

 

al-Ghazali

استعرض الموضوع التالي استعرض الموضوع السابق الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة 
صفحة 1 من اصل 1

(( مَا  يَلْفِظُ  مِنْ  قَوْلٍ  إِلَّا  لَدَيْهِ  رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ))


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