السلام عليكم
أهلا و سهلا بك في منتديات
صـوتـ بـلــدنــا
معلوماتنا تفيد بأنك غير مسجل أو لم تدخل اسم المستخدم الخاص بك
إذا أردت الدخول أو التسجيل تفضل من هنا ...
منتديات صوت بلدنا
السلام عليكم
أهلا و سهلا بك في منتديات
صـوتـ بـلــدنــا
معلوماتنا تفيد بأنك غير مسجل أو لم تدخل اسم المستخدم الخاص بك
إذا أردت الدخول أو التسجيل تفضل من هنا ...
منتديات صوت بلدنا
هل تريد التفاعل مع هذه المساهمة؟ كل ما عليك هو إنشاء حساب جديد ببضع خطوات أو تسجيل الدخول للمتابعة.
صوت بلدنا بني عبيد ميت فارس إسلاميات برامج دروس تعليم حماية شبكات اختراق هاك حوار جوال ألعاب ترفيه دعم تطوير دعاية إعلان ثقافة لغات أسرة مرأة طفل صحة رياضة إشهار سياسة أخبار قضايا قانون قصة شعر خواطر
Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad, known as Ibn Khaldun after an ancestor, is considered to be the founder of modern sociology and philosophy of history. Born in Tunis, where his
parents later died of the Black Death in 1349, Ibn Khaldun spent most of his life in North Africa and Spain. He led a very political life, working for a number of royal courts in North Africa, where he was also able to observe the political and social dynamics of court life. These observations would later influence his writings on the history of civilisations.
Ibn Khaldun's most famous book is the Muqaddimah ("Introduction"), which he wrote as the first volume of an intended multi-volume world history. In the Muqaddimah,
Ibn Khaldun set out his philosophy of history, and his views on how historical material should be analysed and presented. He concluded that civilisations rise and fall, in a cycle, as a result of psychological, economic, environmental, social, as well as political factors. His attention to more than just the political conditions of a civilisation was revolutionary, as he sought to also examine social, religious, and economic factors in explaining world history. He also pioneered the emphasis on relating events to each other through cause and effect, and drawing parallels between past and present, when writing history. He subjected his study of history to objective, scientific analysis, and lamented the clearly biased histories written before him.
After laying out these and other principles in the Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun wrote several histories of the Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Romans, Persians, Egyptians, and Berbers, as well as Muslim and European rulers. He also wrote his autobiography, becoming a leader in that new literary form. His attention to social factors in the rise and fall of civilisations helped to develop the science of social development, known today as sociology. His influence on the fields of sociology and history was tremendous, particularly because his emphasis on reason and rationalism in judging history resulted in a notably non-religious tone to his work.