Omar Khayyam Courtesy of Personalities Nobel

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]
Omar Khayyam
Courtesy of Personalities
Nobel

Born Ghiyath
al-Din
Abul Fatah Umar Ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam in 1044 in Nishapur, a Persian
city,
Omar Khayyam was a well-known mathematician, astronomer, philosopher,
and
poet. He spent most of his life in Persian intellectual centres
such as
Samarkand and Bukhara, and enjoyed the favour of the Seljuk
sultans who ruled
the region.

Khayyam's
best-known
scientific contributions were in algebra and astronomy. His
classification
of algebraic equations was fundamental to the advancement of
algebra
as a science, for example, just as his work on the theory of parallel
lines
was important in geometry. In astronomy, Khayyam's greatest legacy is a

remarkably accurate solar calendar, which he developed when the
Seljuk sultan,
Malik-Shah Jalal al-Din, required a new schedule for
revenue collection.
Khayyam's calendar, called Al-Tarikh-al-Jalali
after the sultan, was even more
accurate than the Gregorian calendar
presently used in most of the world: the
Jalali calendar had an
error of one day in 3770 years, while the Gregorian had
an error of
one day in 3330 years. Khayyam measured the length of one year as
365.24219858156
days, which is remarkably accurate. It has since been discovered
that
the number changes in the 6th decimal place over a person's lifetime.
For
comparison of Khayyam's accuracy, the length of one year at the
end of the 19th
century was 365.242196 days, and today it is
365.242190. Although the calendar
project was cancelled upon
Malik-Shah's death in 1092, the Jalali calendar has
survived and is
still used in parts of Iran and Afghanistan today.

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

A Persian carpet depicting Khayyam's poetry
Courtesy of FarsiNet

Khayyam
is also
a well-known poet. This is the profession by which he is
best-known in the West,
often at the expense of his scientific
achievements. His fame as a poet in the
West has only existed since
1839, however, when Edward Fitzgerald published an
English
translation of Khayyam's Rubaiyat ("Quatrains"). It has since become a
classic
of world literature, and is largely responsible for influencing
European
ideas about Persian poetry and literature. Because he was
known as a scientist
in his own time, and his poetry did not surface
until 200 years after his death,
some doubt whether Khayyam indeed
wrote the Rubaiyat. After careful analysis,
however, most scholars
now agree that he is the author, revealing a
philosophical side to
Khayyam that few of his contemporaries knew.

Khayyam's legacy
remains
largely in science, however, with his work in geometry so far ahead of
its
time that it was not used again until Ren� Descartes built upon
Khayyam's
theories in 17th century France

الموضوع الأصلي : Omar Khayyam Courtesy of Personalities Nobel المصدر : مُنتَدَيَاتْ صُـوتــْ بَــلَــدْنََــا

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